Hip flexors - the most underdeveloped muscle group in strength training

Bruce Ross explains the problems with developing strong hip flexors

Despite their importance to a wide range of athletic and sporting activities, the hip flexors are the most neglected major muscle group in strength training. It is very rare to find training programs that include hip flexor exercises. By contrast, there is usually a great deal of emphasis on exercises for the leg extensors.

There are some obvious reasons for this comparative neglect.

The principal muscles involved in hip flexion are the psoas and the iliacus, collectively known as the iliopsoas. Because they are deep-seated rather than surface muscles they may have been overlooked by bodybuilders who have traditionally been the major innovators in strength training. Secondly, there are no obvious ways to exercise them with free weights. Finally, these muscles do not have the obvious functional importance of their extensor counterparts. Yet, as antagonists, both hip and knee flexors perform a vital role in controlling the rate of descent and ascent in leg extension exercises such as the squat.

There is no corresponding problem of underdevelopment with the muscles responsible for knee joint flexion, the hamstring group. Because they cross two joints they are active in both leg extension and leg flexion. They act to flex the knee joint and also extend the hip joint. Therefore, they tend to be strengthened by complex leg extension exercises. Also, hamstrings can be developed and strengthened through the use of the leg curl apparatus.

The benefits

Strong hip flexors provide an advantage in a wide range of sports and athletic activities. In sprinting high knee lift is associated with increased stride length and therefore considerable attention is given to exercising the hip flexors. However, they are usually not exercised against resistance, and consequently, there is unlikely to be any appreciable strength increase.

Hip flexor strength is directly relevant to a range of activities in football. Kicking a ball is a complex coordinated action involving simultaneous knee extension and hip flexion, so developing a more powerful kick requires exercises applicable to these muscle groups. Strong hip flexors can also be very advantageous in the tackle situation in American football and both rugby union and rugby league where a player is attempting to take further steps forward with an opposing player clinging to his legs.

Also, those players in American football and rugby who have massively developed quadriceps and gluteus muscles are often unable to generate rapid knee lift and hence tend to shuffle around the field. Having stronger flexors would significantly improve their mobility. It is asserted that marked strength disparity between hip extensors and hip flexors may be a contributing factor in hamstring injuries in footballers.

It is interesting to speculate on whether hip extensor/flexor imbalance might also be associated with the high incidence of groin injuries. Other sports where increased iliopsoas strength would appear to offer benefits include cycling, rowing, and mountain climbing, in particular when scaling rock faces.

The problem

The problem in developing hip flexor strength has been the lack of appropriate exercises. Two that have traditionally been used for this muscle group are incline sit-ups and hanging leg raises, but in both cases, the resistance is provided by the exerciser's body weight. As a consequence, these exercises can make only a very limited contribution to strengthening the flexors.

Until now the only weighted resistance equipment employed for this purpose has been the multi-hip type machine. When using this multi-function apparatus for hip flexion the exerciser pushes with the lower thigh against a padded roller that swings in an arc. One difficulty with this apparatus is that the position of the hip joint is not fixed and thus it is difficult to maintain correct form when using heavy weights or lifting the thigh above the horizontal.

The solution

With the release of the MyoQuip HipneeFlex, there is now a machine specifically designed to develop and strengthen the leg flexors. It exercises both hip and knee flexors simultaneously from full extension to full flexion. Because the biomechanical efficiency of these joints decreases in moving from extension to flexion, the mechanism is configured to provide decreasing resistance throughout the exercise movement and thus appropriate loading to both sets of flexors.

Hip Flexor exercises using the MyoQuip HipneeFlex

The exercise movement involves the feet being drawn back from a fully extended position to a fully flexed position. Thus, both hip and knee flexors are exercised through a range where the included angle at the joints varies from 180º to around 30º.

The arc through which the foot engagement device moves is designed to closely parallel the path that the feet would normally traverse if drawn back without resistance. It also creates a natural tendency for the two joint angles to vary synchronously so that they are both under continuous load.

Conclusion

The absence until now of effective techniques for developing the hip flexors means that we do not know what benefits would flow from their full development. However, given that in elite sports comparatively minor performance improvements can translate into contest supremacy, it is an area that offers great potential.

Article Reference

This article first appeared in:

ROSS, B. (2006) Hip flexors - the most underdeveloped muscle group in strength training. Brian Mackenzie's Successful Coaching, (ISSN 1745-7513/ 32 / May), p. 3-4

Page Reference

If you quote information from this page in your work, then the reference for this page is:

ROSS, B. (2006) Hip flexors - the most underdeveloped muscle group in strength training [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/scni32a4.htm [Accessed

About the Author

Bruce Ross is a retired academic who has been President of Sydney University Sport for the past 14 years. He has a background in rugby, both playing and coaching, and in strength development. His company, MyoQuip Pty Ltd is focused on identifying and exploiting areas where current strength-increasing technology is inadequate or non-existent.


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It is very rare to find training programs that include hip flexor exercises. By contrast, there is usually a great deal of emphasis on exercises for the leg extensors. There are some obvious reasons for this comparative neglect. The principal muscles involved in hip flexion are the psoas and the iliacus, collectively known as the iliopsoas. Because they are deep-seated rather than surface muscles they may have been overlooked by bodybuilders who have traditionally been the major innovators in strength training. Secondly, there are no obvious ways to exercise them with free weights. Finally, these muscles do not have the obvious functional importance of their extensor counterparts. Yet, as antagonists, both hip and knee flexors perform a vital role in controlling the rate of descent and ascent in leg extension exercises such as the squat. There is no corresponding problem of underdevelopment with the muscles responsible for knee joint flexion, the hamstring group. Because they cross two joints they are active in both leg extension and leg flexion. They act to flex the knee joint and also extend the hip joint. Therefore, they tend to be strengthened by complex leg extension exercises. Also, hamstrings can be developed and strengthened through the use of the leg curl apparatus. The benefits Strong hip flexors provide an advantage in a wide range of sports and athletic activities. In sprinting high knee lift is associated with increased stride length and therefore considerable attention is given to exercising the hip flexors. However, they are usually not exercised against resistance, and consequently, there is unlikely to be any appreciable strength increase. Hip flexor strength is directly relevant to a range of activities in football. Kicking a ball is a complex coordinated action involving simultaneous knee extension and hip flexion, so developing a more powerful kick requires exercises applicable to these muscle groups. Strong hip flexors can also be very advantageous in the tackle situation in American football and both rugby union and rugby league where a player is attempting to take further steps forward with an opposing player clinging to his legs. Also, those players in American football and rugby who have massively developed quadriceps and gluteus muscles are often unable to generate rapid knee lift and hence tend to shuffle around the field. Having stronger flexors would significantly improve their mobility. It is asserted that marked strength disparity between hip extensors and hip flexors may be a contributing factor in hamstring injuries in footballers. It is interesting to speculate on whether hip extensor/flexor imbalance might also be associated with the high incidence of groin injuries. Other sports where increased iliopsoas strength would appear to offer benefits include cycling, rowing, and mountain climbing, in particular when scaling rock faces. The problem The problem in developing hip flexor strength has been the lack of appropriate exercises. Two that have traditionally been used for this muscle group are incline sit-ups and hanging leg raises, but in both cases, the resistance is provided by the exerciser's body weight. As a consequence, these exercises can make only a very limited contribution to strengthening the flexors. Until now the only weighted resistance equipment employed for this purpose has been the multi-hip type machine. When using this multi-function apparatus for hip flexion the exerciser pushes with the lower thigh against a padded roller that swings in an arc. One difficulty with this apparatus is that the position of the hip joint is not fixed and thus it is difficult to maintain correct form when using heavy weights or lifting the thigh above the horizontal. The solution With the release of the MyoQuip HipneeFlex, there is now a machine specifically designed to develop and strengthen the leg flexors. It exercises both hip and knee flexors simultaneously from full extension to full flexion. Because the biomechanical efficiency of these joints decreases in moving from extension to flexion, the mechanism is configured to provide decreasing resistance throughout the exercise movement and thus appropriate loading to both sets of flexors. Hip Flexor exercises using the MyoQuip HipneeFlex The exercise movement involves the feet being drawn back from a fully extended position to a fully flexed position. Thus, both hip and knee flexors are exercised through a range where the included angle at the joints varies from 180º to around 30º. The arc through which the foot engagement device moves is designed to closely parallel the path that the feet would normally traverse if drawn back without resistance. It also creates a natural tendency for the two joint angles to vary synchronously so that they are both under continuous load. Conclusion The absence until now of effective techniques for developing the hip flexors means that we do not know what benefits would flow from their full development. However, given that in elite sports comparatively minor performance improvements can translate into contest supremacy, it is an area that offers great potential. Article Reference This article first appeared in: ROSS, B. (2006) Hip flexors - the most underdeveloped muscle group in strength training. Brian Mackenzie's Successful Coaching, (ISSN 1745-7513/ 32 / May), p. 3-4 Page Reference If you quote information from this page in your work, then the reference for this page is: ROSS, B. (2006) Hip flexors - the most underdeveloped muscle group in strength training [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/scni32a4.htm [Accessed About the Author Bruce Ross is a retired academic who has been President of Sydney University Sport for the past 14 years. He has a background in rugby, both playing and coaching, and in strength development. His company, MyoQuip Pty Ltd is focused on identifying and exploiting areas where current strength-increasing technology is inadequate or non-existent.