Snapping Hip
Joe Fleming provides an overview of the cause and treatment of snapping hip syndrome.
Suppose you hear an audible snapping when you flex or extend your hip. In that case, you may be dealing with snapping hip syndrome, a condition symptomatic of an underlying musculoskeletal injury to the soft tissues in or around the hip. Do not miss this essential injury guide to snapping hip syndrome, also known as coxa saltans, with tips for treating and preventing it.
Anatomy of the Hip Joint
The pelvis and thigh bone join to form the hip, the largest weight-bearing joint in the body. As a ball and socket joint, the hip forms the junction at which the ball of the femur (thigh bone) rests inside the deep, circular sockets on either side of the pelvis, essentially connecting the legs to the rest of the body.
The joint capsule located here is known as the acetabulum; it, along with a series of muscles, ligaments, and tendons, holds the joint together and provides stability to the hip and legs. Damage to any range of the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, nerves, or blood vessels in and around the hip can lead to cascading issues in the groin, knees, and legs. Read more here.
What Causes Snapping Hip Syndrome?
Often mistaken for the hip joint coming out of the socket, snapping hip syndrome results from joint damage inside the hip itself or to the muscles and tendons surrounding it.
IT Band Syndrome
One of the most common causes of snapping hip syndrome is an inflamed iliotibial band snapping over a bony prominence outside the hip, known as the greater trochanter. The iliotibial band, or IT band, is a wide, fibrous tendon that runs along the outside of the leg from the hip down to the knee; when it becomes irritated and inflamed from overuse, an injury known as IT band syndrome occurs.
IT band syndrome can result in snapping hip syndrome and knee pain when the IT band does the same thing but over the lower part of the thigh bone.
The exact tense snapping can also happen with the gluteus maximus muscle rubbing over the greater trochanter. Because these two instances occur on the outside of the hip, they are referred to as external snapping hip syndrome or extra-articular snapping syndrome.
Hip Labral Tear
The final cause of snapping the hip has nothing to do with slipping muscles and tendons like the first two. Instead, intra-articular snapping hip originates inside the hip joint and may be caused by torn cartilage or loose socket debris.
This is the least common cause of snapping hip syndrome because it involves the cartilage that lines the hip joint, tearing, flapping down, and catching in the joint during hip movement. An injury or underlying problem, like a structural abnormality with the hip joint itself, is usually at work in these cases.
Symptoms of hip labral tears include locking or catching sensation in the hip joint, stiffness, limited range of motion, and pain in the groin or hip.
Risk Factors and Complications
A variety of athletes are more prone to developing snapping hip syndrome than others, including ballet dancers, which is why the condition is sometimes referred to as "dancer's hip." Gymnasts, rowers, ice hockey players, golfers, short-distance runners, and soccer players may also develop it more than other athletes.
Researchers believe excessively tight muscles may be an overarching risk factor for snapping hip syndrome, especially right after growth spurts, as muscles and tendons may not lengthen as quickly as bones grow. Snapping hip syndrome is more common among adolescents, though older teens and adults up to their 30s may also experience it.
On top of the snapping and popping sensation, complications of snapping hip syndrome might include:
- Hip bursitis - inflammation and irritation in the bursa region of the hip
- Continued snapping at the hip
- Persistent hip pain
- Nerve damage (sensory deficit of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve)
- Resulting in infection, i.e. in hip bursae
- Hip flexor weakness
Diagnosing and Treating Snapping Hip Syndrome
When it comes to diagnosing the snapping hip syndrome an athlete has, a doctor will conduct several tests. A physical exam with medical history can help evaluate muscular strength and gait to gauge any stability or muscle imbalance issues that may be contributing to the snapping hip.
Dynamic joint range of motion tests will also assist the diagnosis; they typically involve the athlete standing up or lying down and completing flexion, abduction, and external rotation movements. A doctor may also use imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasounds, and MRIs to locate the correct anatomic region where the snapping is occurring.
Conservative measures are always the first step in treating snapping hip syndrome, especially if symptoms other than the snapping sound are not yet present. Physical therapy incorporating passive and active stretching can address problems with tight, short muscles causing snapping hip symptoms. Everything from athletic form to posture to habitual movements will be analyzed for any improvements physical therapy might make to ensure muscle lengthening and an ultimate end to the snapping hip.
Where conservative measures fail, surgical intervention may be pursued. Both arthroscopic and open surgery avenues exist for treating snapping hip syndrome, and they typically involve fractionally lengthening a tendon, i.e. the IT band, or releasing a part of a tendon altogether. While relieving the symptoms, these types of surgeries have also been associated with resulting muscle weakness.
Page Reference
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- FLEMING, J. (2019) Snapping Hip [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/article395.htm [Accessed
About the Author
Joe Fleming is the President of ViveHealth.com. Passionate about healthy lifestyles and living a full life, he enjoys sharing and expressing these interests through his writing. To inspire others and fight ageism, Joe writes to help people of all backgrounds and ages overcome life's challenges. His work ranges from articles on wellness, holistic health, and ageing to social narratives, motivational pieces, and news stories. For Joe, helping others is vital.