Sports Coach Blog
Website UpdatesRange of Movement (ROM)
Plane and Axis
Movement is defined by reference to a plane and/or axis.
The Three PlanesSagittal Plane - a vertical plane which passes from front to rear dividing the body into right and left sections Frontal or lateral Plane - which passes from side to side at right angles to the sagittal plane which divide the body into a front and back section Transverse or horizontal Plane - a horizontal plane which divides the body into an upper and lower section The Three AxisFrontal Axis - passes from side to side at right angles to the sagittal plane Sagittal or Transverse Axis - passes horizontally from front to rear lying at right angles to the frontal plane Longitudinal or Vertical Axis - passes from head to foot at right angles to the transverse plane |
 |
Joint Actions
Spinal Column
The vertebral column has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion and Rotation.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Shoulder Girdle
The shoulder girdle has the following normal ranges of movement: Elevation, Depression, Adduction and Abduction.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Shoulder Joint
The shoulder joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Medial Rotation.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Elbow Joint
The elbow joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Pronation and Supination.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Wrist Joint
The wrist joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Circumduction.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Hip Joint
The hip joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Knee Joint
The knee joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion and Extension
 |
 |
Ankle Joint
The ankle joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion, Inversion and Eversion.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Page Reference
The reference for this page is:
- MACKENZIE, B. (2004) Range of Movement (ROM) [WWW] Available from: http://www.brianmac.co.uk/musrom.htm [Accessed
Associated Pages
The following Sports Coach pages should be read in conjunction with this page:
- Articles on Physiology
- Movement Analysis
- Muscular System
- Muscles in the human body
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscle Fibre Hypertrophy
- Muscle Fibre Test - Dr Fred Hatfield
- Muscle Imbalance
- Muscle Knot - trigger point
- Muscle Movement
- Muscle Stiffness Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
- Muscle Strength and Balance Checks
- Muscle Training
- Muscle Types - Cardiac, Skeletal & Smooth
